宣纸制作：材料与捞纸怎样留下可见痕迹

What can a blank sheet of Xuan paper tell us before a brush touches it?

一张空白宣纸在毛笔落下之前，能告诉我们什么？

Its fibers, faint laid lines, and response to moisture record choices made during production.

它的纤维、隐约帘纹和遇湿反应，都记录着制作过程中的选择。

Strictly, Xuan paper is not a general name for every handmade Chinese painting paper.

严格来说，宣纸不是所有中国画手工用纸的通称。

The protected product is made in Jing County with qingtan bark, Shatian rice straw, local spring water, and traditional methods.

受保护的宣纸在泾县生产，使用青檀皮、沙田稻草、当地山泉水和传统工艺。

So bamboo paper or another handmade art paper is not automatically Xuan paper.

因此，竹纸或其他手工书画纸不能自动被称为宣纸。

Bark and straw are separately soaked, cooked, washed, and weathered outdoors, often for more than a year.

树皮和稻草要分开浸泡、蒸煮、清洗并露天处理，原料加工常持续一年以上。

This removes unwanted material while keeping useful fibers for the paper network.

这样既去除不需要的物质，也为纸页网络保留可用纤维。

Bark fibers help form a framework, while finer straw pulp fills spaces and supports the sheet.

青檀皮纤维有助于形成骨架，较细的稻草浆填充空隙并支撑纸页。

Their changing ratio helps create different paper types, affecting strength, water absorption, and how ink spreads.

两种原料的配比变化有助于形成不同纸类，并影响强度、吸水和墨的扩散。

Workers mix pulp with water and lift it from a vat on a flexible bamboo screen.

工人把纸浆与水混合，再用柔软的竹帘从纸槽中捞起纸浆。

For many normal sheets, two workers scoop twice: the first pass forms the sheet, and the second adds pulp and levels it.

制作许多常规尺寸的纸时，两名工人协同捞两次：第一次成页，第二次补浆并找平。

As watery pulp moves across the screen, many long fibers turn with the flow instead of lying randomly.

含水纸浆流过竹帘时，许多长纤维会顺着浆流转向，而不是随机排列。

Bamboo strips and gaps receive slightly different amounts of fiber, creating alternating light and dark laid lines, called lianwen in Chinese.

竹帘条和条间空隙承接的纤维量略有不同，形成明暗相间的帘纹，英文可称 laid lines。

In soft backlight, you may see these faint lines on an unused sample.

把未使用的纸样对着柔和背光，可能看到这些隐约纹路。

They show screen forming, but cannot alone prove genuine Xuan paper, because other handmade papers may have similar marks.

它们显示纸页经过竹帘成形，却不能单独证明是真宣纸，因为其他手工纸也可能有相似痕迹。

Fiber direction also makes the sheet behave differently along and across the laid lines.

纤维方向还使纸张沿帘纹和跨帘纹方向的表现有所不同。

Tests find differences in strength and wet expansion between these directions, which matters in mounting and conservation.

测试发现这两个方向的强度与湿胀不同，这对装裱和文物保护很重要。

After forming, wet sheets are pressed, separated, brushed onto a heated wall, and dried flat.

成形后，湿纸经过压榨、逐张揭开、刷上焙墙并平整烘干。

The name Xuan paper appears in a Tang text, but that early name is not today's technical definition.

“宣纸”一名见于唐代文献，但早期名称并不等于今天的技术定义。

Jing County's documented craft line reaches the Song period; the living craft entered China's national heritage list in 2006 and UNESCO's list in 2009.

泾县有史料依据的技艺传承可追溯到宋代；这项活态技艺于2006年进入国家级非遗名录，2009年进入联合国教科文组织名录。

Today, understanding the fiber network helps people choose paper and manage moisture during mounting and conservation.

今天，理解纤维网络有助于人们选纸，并在装裱和保护中管理水分。

Materials build the network, scooping sets fiber direction, and the bamboo screen leaves visible evidence of the process.

原料建立网络，捞纸影响纤维方向，竹帘则留下可见的工艺证据。